同意流程b| IRB
段落

除了评估人类受试者面临的风险外,IRB还特别关注确保每项研究都实施适当的知情同意程序。

“对人的尊重要求臣民,在他们有能力的程度上,有机会选择应该或不应该发生在他们身上的事情。 当满足充分的知情同意标准时,就提供了这种机会。

虽然知情同意的重要性是毋庸置疑的,但安博体育知情同意的性质和可能性仍存在争议。 尽管如此,人们普遍认为,同意过程可以分析为包含三个要素:信息、理解和自愿。”

——贝尔蒙特报告,1979年

正如Belmont报告所述,知情同意的目的是(a)为潜在参与者提供有关研究的信息,以便他们能够做出是否参与的知情决定;(b)为已登记的研究受试者提供正在进行的信息,以便他们能够决定继续参与。

为了使个人参与或继续参与研究的决定有意义,他/她必须能够(a)理解所提供的信息,(b)了解他/她的参与完全是自愿的,可以随时结束。

It is important to understand that 知情同意 does 不 just refer to a piece of paper that a research subject signs.

Rather, it refers to a 过程 — which may be one time, or may be ongoing, depending on the research — through which the research subject affirms their informed and voluntary decision to participate in the research.

在描述您的研究的知情同意过程时,不要简单地参考知情同意文件-描述将获得同意的环境,谁将获得受试者的同意,以及是否会有任何持续提醒受试者他们参与研究的性质和随时退出研究的能力。

  • 知情同意的必要要素
  • 修改或放弃知情同意要求
  • 知情同意文件
  • 许可与同意
  • IRB知情同意模板的使用

知情同意的必要要素

联邦法规(45 CFR 46.116)就知情同意过程中必须向人类研究受试者提供哪些信息提供了明确的指导:

• A statement that the study involves research
• An explanation of the purposes of the research
• The expected duration of the subject's participation
• A description of the procedures to be followed
• Identification of any procedures which are experimental
• A description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts to the subject.
• A description of any benefits to the subject or to others which may reasonably be expected from the research.
• A disclosure of appropriate alternative procedures or courses of treatment, if any, that might be advantageous to the subject.
• A statement describing the extent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the subject will be maintained.
• For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation, and an explanation as to whether any medical treatments are available, if injury occurs and, if so, what they consist of, or where further information may be obtained.
• An explanation of whom to contact for answers to pertinent questions about the research and research subjects' rights, and whom to contact in the event of a research-related injury to the subject.
• A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits, to which the subject is otherwise entitled.

此外,还应酌情提供下列资料:

• A statement that the particular treatment or procedure may involve risks to the subject (or to the embryo or fetus, if the subject is or may become pregnant), which are currently unforeseeable.
• Anticipated circumstances under which the subject's participation may be terminated by the investigator without regard to the subject's consent.
• Any additional costs to the subject that may result from participation in the research
• The consequences of a subject's decision to withdraw from the research and procedures for orderly termination of participation by the subject.
• A statement that significant new findings developed during the course of the research, which may relate to the subject's willingness to continue participation, will be provided to the subject.
• The approximate number of subjects involved in the study

如果该研究是医疗器械或药物的临床研究,则知情同意文件还必须包括以下声明:

该临床试验的描述将在 临床试验 网站,根据美国法律的要求。 本网站不包含可识别您身份的信息。 该网站最多将包含结果摘要。 你可以在任何时候搜索这个网站。

此外,作为持续合规努力的一部分,食品和药物管理局可能会检查与本研究有关的记录。 FDA审核员对审查的所有记录严格保密。”

回到顶部

修改或放弃知情同意要求

在某些情况下,研究者可能认为有必要不向研究受试者提供上述同意的一项或多项要求要素。 但是,只有在研究者证明以下所有情况属实的情况下,IRB才可以批准放弃对知情同意要求的变更:

• the research involves no more than minimal risk to the subjects
• the waiver or alteration will 不 adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects
• the research could 不 practicably be carried out without the waiver or alteration
• whenever appropriate, the subjects will be provided with additional pertinent information after participation (45 CFR 46.116(d))

For clinical investigations involving drugs or medical devices, a waiver of alteration may 只有 be approved in accordance with 21 CFR 50.23 (i.e., circumstances are life-threatening; 不能获得受试者的知情同意; 时间不足以取得当事人法定代表人同意的; 没有其他被批准或普遍认可的治疗方法可以提供同等或更大的挽救受试者生命的可能性)或21 CFR 50.24(即紧急研究)。

如果您认为您的研究符合放弃或更改同意要求的要求,请在您的研究计划中提交“更改或放弃知情同意书请求”。

知情同意文件

一般来说,调查人员需要通过获得一份知情同意文件的签名副本来证明研究对象同意参与。

However, there are certain circumstances in which it is permissible for the investigator to obtain documentation of the subject's decision to participate (45 CFR 46.117 or 21 CFR 56.109). 如果您认为您的研究符合放弃文件同意要求的要求,请与您的研究计划一起提交更改或放弃知情同意书的请求。

在文件要求被豁免的情况下,审查委员会可能会要求研究者向受试者提供一份安博体育研究的书面声明。

文件要求被免除的常见情况是在线调查研究。 对于这种类型的研究,“签署”的同意文件可能是受试者向研究者提供的唯一可识别个人身份的信息。 在这些情况下,向受试者提供有关研究的信息,并且必须同意参与条款,以便访问调查问题的过程是最合适的。

许可与同意

同意 仅适用于被认为在法律上能够为自己的利益独立行动的个人。 同意 相似之处在于,研究人员的目的是确保个人的偏好在他们参与研究时得到尊重。 For non-autonomous participants, 许可 from a parent or guardian is required, but even if 许可 is obtained, it is common to 不 compel that person into participating as a subject unless s/he also agrees (assents).

因此,对于自主的个人来说,获得了知情同意。 对于非自主个体,研究人员首先获得父母或监护人的知情许可,然后获得潜在参与者的知情同意。

获得同意没有法律约束力,但应该这样做,以示对个人的尊重。 以下内容针对的是儿童参与者,但也为任何在法律上没有能力表示同意的参与者提供了重要指导。

• Take the time to explain to a child, at whatever age they can begin to understand, at an appropriate level of complexity, what is going on in the proposed study, why the study is being done, what will be done to them, and, that if they object, the activity will be terminated and that they will 不 be punished or scolded. 随着孩子的成长,他们逐渐成为自己的主要决策者。 获得同意可以看作是这一发展的一部分,应该是一个相互作用的过程,在这个过程中分享信息和价值观并共同作出决定。
• When participants are 不 legally able to grant consent, a guardian/parental 许可 form shall be developed and used (不 a consent form). 它将包含与标准同意书相同的内容。
• The child should be given an explanation of the proposed research procedures in a language that is appropriate to the child's age, experience, maturity, and condition. 这种解释应该包括讨论如果孩子同意参加,他/她可能会遇到的任何不适和不便。
• Unless formally waived by the IRB, child assent and parent 许可 must be obtained for each participating minor.
• For pre-reading children, a simple oral explanation of the study shall be offered to the child before any study-related procedures are conducted (provide the IRB with a script of this).
• For elementary school-aged children able to read independently, informed voluntary assent should be obtained without pressure from parents or investigators. 可以使用适当的同意书; 如果是,将其包含在IRB提案中。

• For middle school-aged children and older, a separate assent form to read and sign should be utilized. 同意书应尽量简洁,并包括以下要点:

  • 这项研究是安博体育什么的
  • 为什么他/她有资格参加这项研究
  • 将要完成的程序
  • 潜在的利益和潜在的风险
  • 研究的自愿性质
  • 保证无论他/她是否同意参加研究,他/她都将受到相同的待遇
  • 一个提问的邀请

IRB知情同意模板的使用

为了帮助调查人员确保同意文件中包含所有必要的同意要素,IRB制定了知情同意、许可和同意模板。 使用这些模板还有助于IRB审查您的同意文件,因为审稿人很容易确定是否提供了所有所需的信息。

However, you are required to use the IRB templates. 如果您选择创建您自己的知情同意书,请不要同时填写IRB模板作为您的提案的一部分。 这意味着您不会点击“是”来获取已收集的知情同意书,而是请求更改或放弃知情同意书,因为您要求更改太平洋大学提供的同意书模板。 IRB只需要审查将要提供给受试者的确切文档。 如果您选择创建自己的同意书,它必须包括同意的所有要求元素,除非您要求更改或放弃这些要求。 如果您希望修改同意文件的格式而不使用所提供的模板,您必须在提案的IRB提交指导文件部分选择您要求更改或放弃知情同意,并提供所需的理由。

修改的在线调查知情同意书

IRB提供了一个修改后的知情同意示例,该示例最常被研究人员用于在线调查或其他修改后的同意程序。 该示例可以在IRBNet库中找到。